Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses the properties of
quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, to perform operations on data.
In classical computing, data is represented using bits, which can have
the value of either 0 or 1. In quantum computing, data is represented
using quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in a state known as a
superposition, where they can simultaneously be in multiple states at
once. Additionally, quantum mechanics allows for a phenomenon known as
quantum entanglement, in which two or more qubits are connected in such a
way that the state of one qubit can instantaneously affect the state of
the other qubits, regardless of the distance between them. These
properties allow quantum computers to perform certain types of
operations, such as factorization of large numbers, much faster than
classical computers.
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